菲律宾棉兰老岛2019年4次M_W>6.0地震断层运动模型及库仑应力传输研究     

吴少杰  杨莹辉  王泽根  熊凌艳  陈强  陈静  杨超 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(3):240-246

基于雷达干涉测量技术,利用ALOS-2、Sentinel-1卫星升降轨雷达影像,获得2019-10~12发生在菲律宾棉兰老岛的4次M_W>6.0地震的同震形变场,并以此形变结果为约束,反演得到4次地震的断层运动模型。综合分析发现,此次地震序列由3条断裂的破裂引起,其中2019-10-16和2019-10-31的2次地震为同一发震断裂,2019-10-31地震断层破裂区域位于2019-10-16地震断层破裂的东北延伸段,最大滑动量约为1.1 m,约为2019-10-16地震最大滑动量的2倍。2019-10-29地震由一条独立断层破裂引起,断层最大滑动量约为2.0 m。2019-12-15地震由一条东北向倾斜断层破裂引起,断层最大滑动量约为3.0 m。此外,2019-10-16地震引起2019-10-29地震显著滑动区明显的正向库仑应力传输;而2019-10-29地震显著增加了2019-10-31地震震源区域的库仑应力;前3次地震对2019-12-15地震孕震断层的库仑应力传输总和为负值,说明静态库仑应力传输可能不是此次地震触发的主要诱因。  相似文献   

Dominant Modes of Interannual Variability in Atmospheric Water Vapor Content over East Asia during Winter and Their Associated Mechanisms     

Wenyue HE  Bo SUN  Huijun WANG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(10):1706-1722

Atmospheric water vapor content(WVC) is a critical factor for East Asian winter precipitation. This study investigates the dominant modes of interannual variability in WVC over East Asia during winter and their underlying mechanisms.Based on the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) method, the leading mode(EOF1, R~2 = 28.9%) of the interannual variability in the East Asian winter WVC exhibits a meridional dipole pattern characterized by opposite WVC anomalies over northeastern China and eastern China; the second mode(EOF2, R~2 = 24.3%) of the interannual variability in the East Asian winter WVC exhibits a monopole pattern characterized by consistent WVC anomalies over eastern China. EOF1 is mainly modulated by two anomalous zonal water vapor transport(WVT) branches over northeastern China and eastern China, which are associated with an anomalous atmospheric wave train over Eurasia affected by sea ice cover in the Kara Sea-Barents Sea(SIC-KSBS) area in the preceding October-November(ON). EOF2 is mainly modulated by an anomalous westerly WVT branch over eastern China, which is associated with a circumglobal atmospheric zonal wave train in the Northern Hemisphere. This circumglobal zonal wave train is modulated by concurrent central and eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. The SIC-KSBS anomalies in ON and the concurrent SST anomalies over tropical Pacific may partially account for the interannual variability of EOF1 and EOF2 winter WVC, and thus may provide a theoretical basis for improving the prediction of winter climate over East Asia.  相似文献   

基于IDA的层间隔震结构失效模式研究          下载免费PDF全文

李天明  刘德稳  罗晓轩  霍一然  杨忠楠  雷敏 《世界地震工程》2022,38(4):132-142

层间隔震结构是由基础隔震结构发展而来的一种新型隔震结构。为研究层间隔震结构的倒塌,需先研究不同层间隔震结构的不同失效模式和失效位置,文章建立了3个不同结构参数的层间隔震结构有限元模型,选取20条与抗震规范反应谱吻合的地震动,采用增量动力分析（IDA）方法,分别对其失效模式和失效位置进行研究。研究表明:基于不同的结构参数,层间隔震的基本失效模式有三种,即隔震层水平位移超限导致结构失效、下部结构层间位移角超限导致结构失效、隔震层拉压应力超限导致结构失效;隔震层下部结构和隔震层最外边缘支座为结构的薄弱位置,应引起更多关注。此方法不仅可以研究结构的不同失效模式,还可以确定失效位置,可为下一步层间隔震结构的抗倒塌分析提供理论基础。  相似文献   

Numerical analyses of uplift behavior of pile foundation for transmission line structure in frozen soil regions北大核心CSCD     

袁俊  赵杰  唐冲  甘仁钧 《冰川冻土》2022,44(6):1842-1852

Pile foundation is one of the most commonly used and suitable foundations to support transmission line structure, especially in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. Axial compression is the controlling condition in the design of foundations for such structures as bridges and buildings, while uplift and overturning will control the design of transmission line structure foundations. This paper presents an extensive overview of previous studies including experimental (e. g., laboratory model test and full-scale field load test), analytical/theoretical (e. g., limit equilibrium and limit analysis based on plasticity)and numerical(e. g., finite difference and finite element methods). The review indicates that study on the uplift behavior of pile foundation in frozen soil is relatively limited, particularly in the case of combined effect of axial uplift and lateral loading. Interaction between pile and frozen soil and mechanism of load transfer along the pile shaft and around the pile tip still remain unclear. Therefore, this paper implements finite difference analysis within FLAC3D to investigate the behavior of pile foundation in frozen silty clay and gravelly sand under axial uplift behavior and the effect of ground condition and lateral loading on the uplift behavior. Because of the axisymmetric condition of the problem studied, only half of the model is simulated. The chosen domain of the medium is discretized into a set of quadrilateral elements and the pile is discretized by the cylinder element. The interaction between the soil and pile is considered according to interface elements. Mohr-Coulomb criterion is adopted to model the soil behavior (perfectly elastic-plastic), while the pile is simply considered as a rigid body. The soil parameters such as Young’s modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle used for numerical analyses are determined by laboratory tests and estimated according to the empirical correlations with in-situ tests. The present numerical modeling is verified with the results from field loading tests on pile foundations in Qinghai-Tibet ±550 kV transmission line project. On this basis, parametric studies are carried out to uncover the behavior of pile in frozen soil. It is observed that pullout is the dominant failure mechanism of pile and the uplift load-displacement curve clearly exhibits an asymptote, consisting of initially linear elastic, nonlinear transition, and finally linear regions. These results are consistent with the observations in a few previous studies. In addition, larger uplift capacity of pile foundation in freezing period and gravelly sand is gained (about 20%). Lateral loading increases the deflection and therefore, decreases the uplift capacity of pile foundation. For the convenience of using the results obtained in practice, the values of uplift factor for pile foundation in silty clay and gravelly sand are provided. Finally, it should be noted that the method used, and the results obtained in the current work could be useful for engineers and designers, at least providing them some qualitative evidence for pile design in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. This is important and necessary to ensure the safety of construction in such regions. Meanwhile, numerical analyses in the current work can be a benchmark example for subsequent research studies. © 2022 Science Press (China).  相似文献   

缓倾角塔柱状危岩压裂损伤-突变失稳预测     

周福川  唐红梅  王林峰 《岩土力学》2022,43(5):1341-1352

陡高边坡灰岩地区缓倾角塔柱状危岩常具有底部压裂诱发整体失稳破坏模式,其损伤-突变失稳机制属于山地灾害关键科学问题之一。以重庆南川区甑子岩W12#危岩崩塌为例,建立了荷载、水致弱化效应耦合下的损伤突变地质力学模型,获得了基于应变等价原理的损伤本构方程及总损伤度演化方程,并将水致弱化函数改进为软化系数的一元三次函数。将地质力学模型概化为等效弹簧模型,通过能量平衡原理建立损伤-折叠突变模型,获得了塔柱状危岩系统压裂失稳判据及临界突变位移特征值表达式。计算表明：W12#危岩压裂失稳时,该系统的控制变量为–0.003 251,小于0,表示该系统进入不稳定状态;计算理论突变位移起始值148.70 mm比实测位移第一拐点值154.34 mm偏小,相对误差约3.65%,偏于安全;理论损伤本构曲线、理论损伤演化曲线与现有文献数值模拟结果趋于一致,所构建的理论预测模型具有较好的适用性。其研究成果可用于预判塔柱状危岩压裂失稳损伤演化过程及突发失稳特征位移值,为灰岩区陡高边坡危岩崩塌监测预警和防灾减灾提供理论依据。  相似文献   

大倾角煤层分层综采再生顶板破断规律研究     

池小楼  杨科  刘文杰  付强  魏祯 《岩土力学》2022,43(5):1391-1400

针对大倾角厚软煤层下分层安全综采问题,结合淮南矿区潘北煤矿1212（3）大倾角厚软煤层分层综采下分层工作面地质与工程条件,综合运用基于数字散斑、声发射监测与分布式光纤传感技术的物理模拟试验、基于煤系地层赋存禀赋建模技术的数值模拟试验相结合的研究手段,开展了下分层开采再生顶板破断倾向分区演化、再生岩体变形声发射能量与光纤应变响应规律及应力分布特征研究。结果表明：再生顶板破断由其破断岩块滑移、低中位悬臂梁和高位铰接岩梁断裂组成,双梁破断是引起下分层支架失稳的关键所在。下分层中上部双梁破断声发射能量呈高度聚集且持续时间短,光纤感知低位悬臂梁破断且中上部光纤应变峰值高,下分层中上部是支架与再生顶板稳定性控制的重点区域。下分层下部再生顶板破断岩块充填密实且粒径小,是架间与架前岩块漏冒多发区域。下分层再生顶板中形成高应力组成的应力拱,距采空区高度约30 m,双梁破断主要发生在拱内,拱中岩体破断对支架具有一定的冲垮作用。  相似文献   

裂隙黄土边坡三维稳定性极限分析     

朱学亮  邵生俊  沈晓钧  邵帅  刘小康 《岩土力学》2022,43(10):2735-2743

黄土边坡中竖直裂隙的发育往往会对边坡稳定产生影响。相对于平面应变机制,建立三维破坏机制下边坡稳定性分析方法更能接近实际边坡失稳情况。基于塑性极限分析上限法,考虑预先存在竖直裂隙的三维黄土边坡不同破坏机制（坡面破坏、坡脚破坏和坡底破坏）,建立能量平衡方程及其无量纲临界高度值γH/c表达式,采用随机搜索法得到了临界高度的上限解。分析了约束宽度、边坡坡度、内摩擦角以及裂隙深度对三维竖直裂隙黄土边坡临界高度值的影响。结果表明：对于坡脚破坏机制,临界高度值随着裂隙深度的增加而减小,减小至临界裂隙深度 (δ /H)_min后,裂隙深度的增加不再影响临界高度值;临界裂隙深度随着坡度β 的增大而增大,随着内摩擦角φ 的增大而减小。当约束宽度B/H<0.8时,大多数破坏机制为坡面破坏。当约束宽度B/H=0.8、内摩擦角φ =10° 及约束宽度B/H=0.6、内摩擦角φ =15° 时,边坡的破坏从坡面破坏机制逐渐过渡到坡脚破坏机制。存在竖直裂隙的黄土边坡比完整边坡具有更小的临界高度,约束宽度及内摩擦角会对三维黄土边坡破坏机制产生影响。  相似文献   

不同荷载模式作用下双层软黏土地基压缩特性研究     

雷华阳  石梁  胡垚  宋英杰 《工程地质学报》2022,30(1):154-163

天津滨海吹填场区典型的“上软下硬”的双层软黏土地基具有复杂的物理性质和工程特性,其在不同荷载作用模式下的变形特性有所不同,在工程实践中往往会产生较大的工后沉降和不均匀沉降,从而导致修建于其上的建筑物出现诸多工程问题。现阶段对于不同荷载作用下吹填场区形成的“上软下硬”双层软黏土地基的变形特性及机理研究甚少,导致理论研究远远落后于工程实践,制约了吹填场区经济建设的快速发展,因此对此类地基的变形特性展开研究显得尤为重要。基于此,本文针对吹填场区“上软下硬”的双层软黏土地基,开展了反复荷载和恒定荷载作用下的一维固结试验和扫描电镜试验(SEM),得到了不同荷载模式作用下的压缩特性及其微观机理,为吹填场区双层软黏土地基变形模型建立及长期工后沉降预测提供理论依据。研究表明:双层软黏土地基的压缩系数和固结系数在反复荷载作用初期明显减小,而后缓慢减小直至趋于稳定; 与反复荷载相比,恒定荷载作用下试样的压缩系数初期值增加,固结系数初期值减小,其变化量均在40% ~50%的范围内; 当荷载等级一定时,反复荷载作用引起双层软黏土地基产生的沉降量相比于恒定荷载作用多30% ~45%; 随着荷载等级的增加,土样内部大孔隙受到挤压而减少,孔隙的圆度和定向性加强,土体结构更密实,均一化程度提高; 相比于恒定荷载模式,反复荷载作用下土样内部孔隙形状更接近于圆形,孔隙定向性更好,土体内部结构强化程度大,但有序性相对较差。  相似文献   

顺层岩质边坡溃屈变形机制及失稳判定方法     

吴朋宇  张志红  戴福初  姚爱军 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2022,52(2):517-525

溃屈型破坏是一种常见的顺层岩质边坡破坏模式,溃屈变形发展机制及失稳破坏的定量研究对滑坡工程勘查和防治指导十分重要。本文根据边坡的地质环境和力学作用机制,建立了三维受压板简化模型,其能够考虑岩层自身重力、地震力、静水压力的共同作用和岩体材料塑性变形的影响。基于弹塑性受压板稳定理论,利用能量法推导得到了边坡溃屈变形破坏的临界方程。对于溃屈型边坡的结构失稳和滑动失稳分别提出了相应的稳定性判定方法,并针对不同状态的边坡提出了相应的防治措施建议。以四川省甘孜藏族自治州巴塘县下归哇边坡为例,对所提判定方法的正确性进行了验证。计算结果表明,边坡的临界溃屈长度（a1）为483.8 m,说明下归哇边坡能够发生溃屈变形;现场勘查得知边坡实际溃屈长度（a′）为530.0 m,a′＞a1,可知边坡是稳定的。这与实际情况相吻合,由此证明本文所提出的判定方法可行。  相似文献   

Stability analysis of seabed strata and casing structure during the natural gas hydrates exploitation by depressurization in horizontal wells in South China Sea     

Peng-fei Xie  Lin Yang  Qian-yong Liang  Xu-hui Zhang  Liang-hua Zhang  Bin Zhang  Xiao-bing Lu  Hui-ce He  Xue-min Wu  Yi-fei Dong 《China Geology》2022,5(2):300-309

Natural gas hydrates (NGHs) are a new type of clean energy with great development potential. However, it is urgent to achieve safe and economical NGHs development and utilization. This study established a physical model of the study area using the FLAC^3D software based on the key parameters of the NGHs production test area in the South China Sea, including the depressurization method, and mechanical parameters of strata, NGHs occurrence characteristics, and the technological characteristics of horizontal wells. Moreover, this study explored the law of influences of the NGHs dissociation range on the stability of the overburden strata and the casing structure of a horizontal well. The results are as follows. With the dissociation of NGHs, the overburden strata of the NGHs dissociation zone subsided and formed funnel-shaped zones and then gradually stabilized. However, the upper interface of the NGHs dissociation zone showed significant redistribution and discontinuity of stress. Specifically, distinct stress concentration and corresponding large deformation occurred in the build-up section of the horizontal well, which was thus prone to suffering shear failure. Moreover, apparent end effects occurred at the end of the horizontal well section and might cause the deformation and failure of the casing structure. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures in the build-up section and at the end of the horizontal section of the horizontal well to prevent damage and ensure the wellbore safety in the long-term NGHs exploitation.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献